External cognition: how do graphical representations work?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Information visualization and the arts-science-social science interface
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent Interactive Technologies and Multimedia
Twelve years of diagrams research
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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In four experiments participants were allowed to manipulate a virtual 3-D object in order to infer and draw 2-D cross sections of it. Key differences between the experiments were the interface and degree of interactivity available. Two experiments used a three degrees-of-freedom inertia tracking device allowing unconstrained interactions and the other two experiments used a slider bar that allowed only one degree-of-freedom movement at a time. Somewhat counter-intuitively, we found that the constrained interface allowed people to access task-relevant information more effectively and resulted in better performance on the task.