Identity authentication based on keystroke latencies
Communications of the ACM
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching
Communications of the ACM
Typing Patterns: A Key to User Identification
IEEE Security and Privacy
TYPIST: a theory of performance in skilled typing
Human-Computer Interaction
A parallel decision tree-based method for user authentication based on keystroke patterns
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Using global knowledge of users' typing traits to attack keystroke biometrics templates
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM multimedia workshop on Multimedia and security
Dependable and Historic Computing
Advances in the keystroke dynamics: the practical impact of database quality
CISIM'12 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 8 international conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management
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Keystroke dynamics--the analysis of individuals' distinctive typing rhythms--has been proposed as a biometric to discriminate legitimate users from impostors (whether insiders or external attackers). Anomaly detectors have reportedly performed well at this discrimination task, but there is room for improvement. Detector performance might be constrained by the widespread use of comparatively low-resolution clocks (typically 10---15 milliseconds).This paper investigates the effect of clock resolution on detector performance. Using a high-resolution clock, we collected keystroke timestamps from 51 subjects typing 400 passwords each. We derived the timestamps that would have been generated by lower-resolution clocks. Using these data, we evaluated three types of detectors from the keystroke-dynamics literature, finding that detector performance is slightly worse at typical clock resolutions than at higher ones (e.g., a 4.2% increase in equal-error rate). None of the detectors achieved a practically useful level of performance, but we suggest opportunities for progress through additional, controlled experimentation.