A modeling framework of content pollution in Peer-to-Peer video streaming systems
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Pollution-resistant peer-to-peer live streaming using trust management
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Content pollution on P2P Live Streaming systems
WebMedia '09 Proceedings of the XV Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web
Challenging the feasibility of authentication mechanisms for P2P live streaming
Proceedings of the 6th Latin America Networking Conference
SimplyRep: A simple and effective reputation system to fight pollution in P2P live streaming
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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There has been significant progress in the development and deployment of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) live video streaming systems. However, there has been little study on the security aspect in such systems. Our prior experiences in Anysee exhibit that existing systems are largely vulnerable to intermediate attacks, in which the content pollution is a common attack that can significantly reduce the content availability, and consequently impair the playback quality. This paper carries out a formal analysis of content pollution and discusses its implications in P2P live video streaming systems. Specifically, we establish a probabilistic model to capture the progress of content pollution. We verify the model using a real implementation based on Anysee system; we evaluate the content pollution effect through extensive simulations. We demonstrate that (1) the number of polluted peers can grow exponentially, similar to random scanning worms. This is vital that with 1% polluters, the overall system can be compromised within minutes; (2) the effective bandwidth utilization can be sharply decreased due to the transmission of polluted packets; (3) Augmenting the number of polluters does not imply a faster progress of content pollution, in which the most influential factors are the peer degree and access bandwidth. We further examine several techniques and demonstrate that a hash-based signature scheme can be effective against the content pollution, in particular when being used during the initial phase.