The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
An Implicit Prioritized Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '02 Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Energy-Efficient Wakeup Scheduling for Maximizing Lifetime of IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
WICON '05 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Wireless Internet
Modeling and Worst-Case Dimensioning of Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '06 Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
GSN '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on GeoSensor Networks
Applying Architectural Hybridization in Networked Embedded Systems
SEUS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 10.2 International Workshop on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems
A multichannel approach to avoid beacon collisions in IEEE 802.15.4 cluster-tree industrial networks
ETFA'09 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international conference on Emerging technologies & factory automation
Congestion control for spatio-temporal data in cyber-physical systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
A fast network configuration algorithm for TDMA wireless sensor networks
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on design, implementation, and evaluation of wireless sensor network systems
Multipath opportunistic RPL routing over IEEE 802.15.4
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
ScanTraffic: smart camera network for traffic information collection
EWSN'12 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
Interference-free scheduling with bounded delay in cluster-tree wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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Synchronization is a challenging and important issue for time-sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) since it requires a mutual spatiotemporal coordination between the nodes. In that concern, the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocols embody promising technologies for WSNs, but are still ambiguous on how to efficiently build synchronized multiple-cluster networks, specifically for the case of cluster-tree topologies. In fact, the current IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee specifications restrict the synchronization to beacon-enabled (by the generation of periodic beacon frames) star networks, while they support multi-hop networking in mesh topologies, but with no synchronization. Even though both specifications mention the possible use of cluster-tree topologies, which combine multi-hop and synchronization features, the description on how to effectively construct such a network topology is missing. This paper tackles this issue by unveiling the ambiguities regarding the use of the cluster-tree topology and proposing a synchronization mechanism based on Time Division Beacon Scheduling (TDBS) to build cluster-tree WSNs. In addition, we propose a methodology for efficiently managing duty-cycles in every cluster, ensuring the fairest use of bandwidth resources. The feasibility of the TDBS mechanism is clearly demonstrated through an experimental test-bed based on our open-source implementation of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocols.