A language modeling approach to information retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
IR evaluation methods for retrieving highly relevant documents
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Question-answering by predictive annotation
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A study of smoothing methods for language models applied to Ad Hoc information retrieval
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A formal study of information retrieval heuristics
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Length normalization in XML retrieval
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Combining the language model and inference network approaches to retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Bayesian networks and information retrieval
A noisy-channel approach to question answering
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
Why structural hints in queries do not help XML-retrieval
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Structured retrieval for question answering
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
INEX'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval
Hierarchical language models for XML component retrieval
INEX'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval
Retrieval experiments using pseudo-desktop collections
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Effective and efficient structured retrieval
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Shopping for top forums: discovering online discussion for product research
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Media Analytics
Ranking support for keyword search on structured data using relevance models
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
A schema-driven approach for knowledge-oriented retrieval and query formulation
KEYS '12 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Keyword Search on Structured Data
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Structured documents contain elements defined by the author(s) and annotations assigned by other people or processes. Structured documents pose challenges for probabilistic retrieval models when there are mismatches between the structured query and the actual structure in a relevant document or erroneous structure introduced by an annotator. This paper makes three contributions. First, a new generative retrieval model is proposed to deal with the mismatch problem. This new model extends the basic keyword language model by treating structure as hidden variable during the generation process. Second, variations of the model are compared. Third, term-level and structure-level smoothing strategies are studied. Evaluation was conducted with INEX XML retrieval and question-answering retrieval tasks. Experimental results indicate that the optimal structured retrieval model is task dependent, two-level Dirichlet smoothing significantly outperforms two-level Jelinek-Mercer smoothing, and with accurate structured queries, the proposed structured retrieval model outperforms keyword retrieval significantly, on both QA and INEX datasets.