Modern Information Retrieval
Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
ELF: an efficient log-structured flash file system for micro sensor nodes
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
TAG: a Tiny AGgregation service for Ad-Hoc sensor networks
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Cyclops: in situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A sensory grammar for inferring behaviors in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
A Sampling-Based Approach to Optimizing Top-k Queries in Sensor Networks
ICDE '06 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering
Energy-efficient monitoring of extreme values in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Capsule: an energy-optimized object storage system for memory-constrained sensor devices
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
FlashDB: dynamic self-tuning database for NAND flash
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Building a sensor network of mobile phones
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Microhash: an efficient index structure for fash-based sensor devices
FAST'05 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies - Volume 4
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors
Model-driven data acquisition in sensor networks
VLDB '04 Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30
Micro-Blog: sharing and querying content through mobile phones and social participation
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Microsearch: When Search Engines Meet Small Devices
Pervasive '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Beyond average: toward sophisticated sensing with queries
IPSN'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Distributed vision-based accident management for assisted living
ICOST'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart homes and health telematics
Multiple Bernoulli relevance models for image and video annotation
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
VUPoints: collaborative sensing and video recording through mobile phones
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Networking, systems, and applications for mobile handhelds
VUPoints: collaborative sensing and video recording through mobile phones
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Incremental indexing and distributed image search using shared randomized vocabularies
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
CrowdSearch: exploiting crowds for accurate real-time image search on mobile phones
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Traffic modeling and prediction using camera sensor networks
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras
Fault tolerance of embryonic algorithms in mobile networks
ICES'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Evolvable systems: from biology to hardware
Visual sensor networks for infomobility
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
TagSense: a smartphone-based approach to automatic image tagging
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Traffic modeling and prediction using sensor networks: Who will go where and when?
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Real time image analysis for infomobility
MUSCLE'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Understanding
Efficient background subtraction for real-time tracking in embedded camera networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
Personalized multi-modality image management and search for mobile devices
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Recent advances in sensor networks permit the use of a large number of relatively inexpensive distributed computational nodes with camera sensors linked in a network and possibly linked to one or more central servers. We argue that the full potential of such a distributed system can be realized if it is designed as a distributed search engine where images from different sensors can be captured, stored, searched and queried. However, unlike traditional image search engines that are focused on resource-rich situations, the resource limitations of camera sensor networks in terms of energy, bandwidth, computational power, and memory capacity present significant challenges. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed search system over a camera sensor network where each node is a search engine that senses, stores and searches information. Our work involves innovation at many levels including local storage, local search, and distributed search, all of which are designed to be efficient under the resource constraints of sensor networks. We present an implementation of the search engine on a network of iMote2 sensor nodes equipped with low-power cameras and extended flash storage. We evaluate our system for a dataset comprising book images, and demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude reduction in the amount of data communicated and up to 5x reduction in overall energy consumption over alternate techniques.