Conserving energy and momentum in nonlinear dynamics: A simple implicit time integration scheme
Computers and Structures
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Stresses in continuously welded rails on bridges are strongly influenced by the coupling interface between track and bridge in longitudinal direction. Due to European codes this coupling is characterized by a nonlinear stiffness and by a significant dependence on whether the track is loaded by a train or not. The effect of the sequence 'track unloaded-loaded-unloaded' during the passing of a train onto the rail stresses is studied statically as well as dynamically with paying special attention to deformations from the load history; typically from seasonal temperature-change. This effect can increase the rail compression forces up to 10%.