Card random access memory (CRAM): functions & use
AFIPS '61 (Eastern) Proceedings of the December 12-14, 1961, eastern joint computer conference: computers - key to total systems control
Investigation of a woven screen memory system
AFIPS '63 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 12-14, 1963, fall joint computer conference
A new high density recording system: the IBM 1311 disk storage drive with interchangeable disk packs
AFIPS '63 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 12-14, 1963, fall joint computer conference
Engineering description of the Burroughs disk file
AFIPS '63 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 12-14, 1963, fall joint computer conference
AFIPS '63 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 12-14, 1963, fall joint computer conference
AFIPS '67 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 14-16, 1967, fall joint computer conference
New horizons for magnetic bulk storage devices
AFIPS '68 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part II
Mass storage: past, present and future
AFIPS '72 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the December 5-7, 1972, fall joint computer conference, part II
Bibliography on data base structures
ACM SIGMIS Database
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Prior to the advent of electronic digital computers, large files of data and records were stored primarily in printed form or in punched cards for use with standard tabulating and business machine equipment. The introduction of electronic digital computers in the late 1940's, and their commercial applications in the early 1950's, led to the requirement for storing (in a machine readable code and media) large volumes of data generated by computers that were expected to be used again by the computer. These large external files were stored primarily in punched cards and on magnetic tapes. Until approximately 1955, these serial off-line storage devices provided the only method of storing large volume files of computer records that were to be used by the computer again at a later time. Their applications suffered from the inherent disadvantages of serial access and lack of online availability, under computer control, of all records in the file.