A contribution to the development of ALGOL
Communications of the ACM
Sketchpad: a man-machine graphical communication system
AFIPS '63 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 21-23, 1963, spring joint computer conference
The introduction of man-computer graphics into the aerospace industry
AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the November 30--December 1, 1965, fall joint computer conference, part I
A laboratory for the study of graphical man-machine communication
AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I
Interactive graphics in data processing: principles of interactive systems
IBM Systems Journal
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There is a large class of problems whose solution statements, in their most natural form, involve not only operation of verbal algorithms on easily defined data, but also provide assistance and prompting to a man "in-the-loop" that enables him to give information or data which may otherwise be inaccessible or not easily described. The advent of developments in the area of graphic hardware provided the necessary environment which allows for implementation of problem-solution statements which include provisions for human intervention. In order to economically justify human intervention, it is necessary, first, that there be sufficient problems of this type requiring a solution. Once this demand becomes apparent, it is further necessary that a system for sharing a single high-speed computer among several human operators be made available. Such a system, which provides for time-sharing (with good response characteristics) a single central processing unit among several graphic display consoles, is the subject of this paper.