An experimental comparison of time sharing and batch processing
Communications of the ACM
A comparison of batch processing and instant turnaround
Communications of the ACM
Description of a high capacity fast turnaround university computing center
ACM '67 Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference
An experimental time-sharing system
AIEE-IRE '62 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 1-3, 1962, spring joint computer conference
A general-purpose time-sharing system
AFIPS '64 (Spring) Proceedings of the April 21-23, 1964, spring joint computer conference
Interactive systems: promises, present and future
AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I
Measurement of computer systems: an introduction
AFIPS '72 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the December 5-7, 1972, fall joint computer conference, part II
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Time-sharing of computer facilities has been widely acclaimed as the most significant evolutionary step that has been taken in recent years toward the development of generalized information utilities. The basic techniques of interactive man-computer time-sharing were developed in the 1950's in connection with realtime command and control computing systems, initially in SAGE air defense. Time-sharing was practiced in these pioneering systems in the sense that many military operators at separate consoles --- consoles equipped with push-buttons, CRT displays and light guns---were able to request and receive information from the central computing system at essentially the same time. These historical roots reveal that time-sharing is an outgrowth of realtime system development.