Inferential memory as the basis of machines which understand natural language
Computers & thought
Answering English questions by computer: a survey
Communications of the ACM
A computer program which "understands"
AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I
A question-answering system for high school algebra word problems
AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I
Language considerations for information management systems
ACM '74 Proceedings of the 1974 annual ACM conference - Volume 2
References to graphical objects in interactive multimodal queries
Knowledge-Based Systems
An inferential processor for interacting with biomedical data using restricted natural language
AFIPS '72 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference
Progress in natural language understanding: an application to lunar geology
AFIPS '73 Proceedings of the June 4-8, 1973, national computer conference and exposition
Six topics in search of a parser: an overview of AI language research
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
An augmented state transition network analysis procedure
IJCAI'69 Proceedings of the 1st international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
The modeling of simple analogic and inductive processes in a semantic memory system
IJCAI'69 Proceedings of the 1st international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Forecasting and assessing the impact of artificial intelligence on society
IJCAI'73 Proceedings of the 3rd international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
On natural language based computer systems
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Conceptual graphs for a data base interface
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Discourse structure and computation: past, present and future
ACL '12 Proceedings of the ACL-2012 Special Workshop on Rediscovering 50 Years of Discoveries
Discourse structure and language technology
Natural Language Engineering
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
Simmons has presented a survey of some fifteen experimental question-answering and related systems which have been constructed since 1959. These systems take input questions in natural English (subject to varying constraints) and attempt to answer the questions on the basis of a body of information, called the data base, which is stored inside the computer. This process can be conceptually divided into three phases---syntatic analysis, semantic analysis, and retrieval, as illustrated schematically in Figure 1. The first phase consists of parsing the input sentence into a structure which explicitly represents the grammatical relationships among the words of the sentence. Using this information the second component constructs a representation of the semantic content or "meaning" of the sentence. The remaining phase consists of procedures for either retrieving the answer directly from the data base, or else deducing the answer from information contained in the data base. The dotted lines in the figure represent the possible use of feedback from the later stages to aid in parsing and semantic interpretation.