Self-reproduction in a reversible cellular space
Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue on universal machines and computations
Artificial chemistries—a review
Artificial Life
Evolvable self-replicating molecules in an artificial chemistry
Artificial Life
Bridging nonliving and living matter
Artificial Life
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We describe some results submitted by users of the Organic Builder, a Java applet where the rules of an artificial chemistry can be chosen in order to achieve a desired behavior. Though it was initially intended as a set of challenges to be tackled as a game, the users experimented with the system far beyond this and discovered several novel forms of self-replicators. When searching for a system with certain properties such as self-replication, making the system accessible to the public through a Web site is an unusual but effective way of making scientific discoveries, credit for which must go to the users themselves for their tireless experimentation and innovation.