Unified theories of cognition
Active fixation for scene exploration
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue: machine vision research at the Royal Institute of Technology
A Model of Saliency-Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Algorithms for Defining Visual Regions-of-Interest: Comparison with Eye Fixations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
A Context-Dependent Attention System for a Social Robot
IJCAI '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
A Binocular Stereo Algorithm for Log-Polar Foveated Systems
BMCV '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision
Object-based visual attention for computer vision
Artificial Intelligence
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
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Human eyes scan images with serial eye fixations. We propose a novel attention selectivity model for the automatic generation of eye fixations on 2D static scenes. An activation map was first computed by extracting primary visual features and detecting meaningful objects from the scene. An adaptable retinal filter was applied on this map to generate "Regions of Interest" (ROIs), whose locations corresponded to those of activation peaks and whose sizes were estimated by an iterative adjustment algorithm. The focus of attention was moved serially over the detected ROIs by a decision-theoretic mechanism. The generated sequence of eye fixations was determined from the perceptual benefit function based on perceptual costs and rewards, while the time distribution of different ROIs was estimated by a memory learning and decaying model. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attention model, the gaze tracking results of different human subjects and the simulated eye fixation shifting were compared.