Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Smile and Laughter Recognition using Speech Processing and Face Recognition from Conversation Video
CW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds
ENCARA2: Real-time detection of multiple faces at different resolutions in video streams
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Facial expression recognition using fisher weight maps
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
EUC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
HappinessCounter: smile-encouraging appliance to increase positive mood
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Appearance-based smile intensity estimation by cascaded support vector machines
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Perceptual User Interfaces (PUIs) aim at facilitating human-computer interaction with the aid of human-like capacities (computer vision, speech recognition, etc.). In PUIs, the human face is a central element, since it conveys not only identity but also other important information, particularly with respect to the user's mood or emotional state. This paper describes both a face detector and a smile detector for PUIs. Both are suitable for real-time interaction. The face detector provides eye, mouth and nose locations in frontal or nearly-frontal poses, whereas the smile detector is able to give a smile intensity measure. Experiments confirm that they are competitive with respect to extant detectors. These two detectors are used in an unobtrusive application that allows to interact with an Instant Messaging (IM) client.