On smoothed k-CNF formulas and the Walksat algorithm

  • Authors:
  • Amin Coja-Oghlan;Uriel Feige;Alan Frieze;Michael Krivelevich;Dan Vilenchik

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Edinburgh;The Weizmann Institute;Carnegie Mellon University;Tel-Aviv University;Tel-Aviv University

  • Venue:
  • SODA '09 Proceedings of the twentieth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

In this paper we study the model of ε-smoothed k-CNF formulas. Starting from an arbitrary instance F with n variables and m = dn clauses, apply the ε-smoothing operation of flipping the polarity of every literal in every clause independently at random with probability ε. Keeping ε and k fixed, and letting the density d = m/n grow, it is rather easy to see that for d ≥ ε-k ln 2, F becomes whp unsatisfiable after smoothing. We show that a lower density that behaves roughly like ε-k+1 suffices for this purpose. We also show that our bound on d is nearly best possible in the sense that there are k-CNF formulas F of slightly lower density that whp remain satisfiable after smoothing. One consequence of our proof is a new lower bound of Ω(2k/k2) on the density up to which Walksat solves random k-CNFs in polynomial time whp. We are not aware of any previous rigorous analysis showing that Walksat is successful at densities that are increasing as a function of k.