Robust Watermarking based on Subsampling and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Authors:
Wei Lu;Hongtao Lu
Affiliations:
Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Guangdong Key Lab. of Info. Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen Univ., Guangzhou 510275, China and Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Eng., Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, Chi ...;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, e-mail: luwei3@mail.sysu.edu.cn, lu-ht@cs.sjtu.edu.cn
Venue:
Informatica
Year:
2008

Citing 9
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Abstract

This paper presents a novel robust digital image watermarking scheme using subsampling and nonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, subsampling is used to construct a subimage sequence. Then, based on the column similarity of the subimage sequence, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is applied to decompose the sequence. A Gaussian pseudo-random watermark sequence is embedded in the factorized decomposition coefficients. Because of the high similarity of subimages and meaningful factorization for NMF, the proposed scheme can achieve good robustness, especially to common permutation attacks. Numerical experiment results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed scheme.