Towards an active network architecture
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Predicting MPEG execution times
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A Distributed Real-Time MPEG Video Audio Player
NOSSDAV '95 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video
Predicting and Controlling Resource Usage in a Heterogeneous Active Network
AMS '01 Proceedings of the Third Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services
Resource allocation for multimedia streaming over the Internet
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A survey of active network research
IEEE Communications Magazine
Introducing new Internet services: why and how
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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Active networks provide a programmable user-network interface that supports dynamic modification of the network's behavior. Network nodes, in addition to forwarding packets, perform customized computation on the messages flowing through them. Resources in an active network mainly consist of CPU and bandwidth. The inherent unpredictability of processing times of active packet poses a significant challenge in CPU scheduling. It has been identified that prior estimation of the resource requirements of a packet is very difficult since it is platform dependent and also depends on processing load at the time of execution, operating system scheduling, etc. An efficient allocation is required for the optimal utilization of resources. In this paper, resources are estimated using prediction techniques such as single exponential smoothing (SES), adaptive-response-rate single exponential smoothing (ARRSES) and Holt's two-parameter estimation models. The estimated results agreed most with the actual requirements. The estimation models were compared with model criteria. An algorithm was also designed for the allocation of resources. Effectiveness of the algorithm was measured through simulation and achieved almost perfect fairness for all flows and also provided much superior delay guarantees under a highly dynamic environment.