U.S. computer export control policies: value conflicts and policy choices
Communications of the ACM
Computerization of Society
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National computer policies (NCPs) developed by certain nations have established those nations in such strong competitive positions in computer technology that they now challenge the U.S., which once held a near monopoly position. Japan's national computer policy, published in 1972, called for a $65 billion investment in eight computer developments between 1972 and 1985 and set the stage for development of a domestic chip industry. Thus, a national computer policy can be dramatically effective. Other nations have developed national computer policies as well. Many of the challenges and problems facing the U.S. computer industry might be resolved if a national computer policy study were begun immediately. Such a study could help us to understand the manner in which the computer industry has changed from dominance by actions of entrepreneurships to direction by actions of sovereignties. The AFIPS member societies are called upon to provide the forum from which a national computer policy study may begin.