Performance Evaluation and Monitoring
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The structure of the “THE”-multiprogramming system
Communications of the ACM
The Psychology of Computer Programming
The Psychology of Computer Programming
A Philco multiprocessing system
AFIPS '64 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part II: very high speed computer systems
Multiprogramming system performance measurement and analysis
AFIPS '68 (Spring) Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference
SPY: a program to monitor OS/360
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference
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The characteristic of third generation computing systems that most distinguishes them from previous ones is that they are designed to perform multiprogramming. The purpose of multiprogramming is cost-effective utilization of computer hardware, which is achieved by reducing the CPU time otherwise lost waiting for completion of I/O or operator action. An operating system is necessary to achieve multiprogramming: to schedule jobs, allocate resources, and perform services such as I/O.