Interactive consulting via natural language
Communications of the ACM
Associative Networks: The Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers
Associative Networks: The Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers
Preliminary Ada reference manual
ACM SIGPLAN Notices - Preliminary Ada reference manual
Software psychology: Human factors in computer and information systems (Winthrop computer systems series)
HELP: a question answering system
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference
A study in man-machine interaction
AFIPS '77 Proceedings of the June 13-16, 1977, national computer conference
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Many interactive computer systems have some form of HELP or assistance commands. Effective online assistance requires a well-defined framework that addresses the needs of both the end-user and the assistance provider. This paper presents such a framework, whose generality and usefulness come from an application-independent assistance processor and a highly structured database of assistance information. Major considerations are (1) the types of assistance interactive users need, (2) the data structures and relationships required to provide comprehensive assistance, (3) software architectures that encourage and support effective forms of assistance, and (4) the programming effort required to include and maintain online assistance. To make online assistance effective and economically feasible, the paper proposes a way to integrate assistance into other phases of the software life cycle.