Swarm intelligence
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Operating at absolute minimum cost can no longer be the only criterion for dispatching electric power due to increasing concern the environmental consideration. The emission controlled economic dispatch (ECED) problem which accounts for minimization of both fuel cost and emission is a multiple objective function problem. This paper proposed the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) metaheuristic method to minimise the total fuel cost of generation and environmental pollution caused by fossil based thermal generating units and also maintain an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real and reactive power outputs, bus voltages, and power flow of transmission lines in areas. Simulation results on the IEEE 30-bus network with three generators and four areas show that by this method, an optimum solution can be given quickly.