The lifting scheme: a construction of second generation wavelets
SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis
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A robust audio zero-watermark scheme which constructed the watermark in lifting wavelet domain based on chaotic modulation is presented in this paper. Since the constructed zero-watermark is not embedded into the original audio indeed, the contradiction between imperceptibility and robustness is perfectly solved. The algorithm based on coefficient maximization guarantees that the zero-watermark which constructed by low frequency coefficients represents the significant characteristics of the audio signal, experiment results show that it is robust against general audio processing such as noise addition, low-pass filtering, requantization, resampling and mp3 compression. And after the watermark is created, an initial vector is obtained by chaotic modulation, so the storage space is reduced after generating the watermark.