A cookbook for using the model-view controller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80
Journal of Object-Oriented Programming
A tour of suite user interface software
UIST '90 Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology
Separating application code from toolkits: eliminating the spaghetti of call-backs
UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Communications of the ACM
A relational model of data for large shared data banks
Communications of the ACM
User Interface Management Systems: Models and Algorithms
User Interface Management Systems: Models and Algorithms
A form application development system
SIGMOD '82 Proceedings of the 1982 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
ConcurTaskTrees: A Diagrammatic Notation for Specifying Task Models
INTERACT '97 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Interantional Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
A high-level programming and command language
Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Programming language issues in software systems
SUPPLE: automatically generating user interfaces
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
UNIFORM: automatically generating consistent remote control user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatic Generation of Device User-Interfaces?
PERCOM '07 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Activate your GAIM: a toolkit for input in active games
Futureplay '10 Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and Technology
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Model-based toolkit widgets have the potential for (i) increasing automation and (ii) making it easy to substitute a user-interface with another one. Current toolkits, however, have focused only on the automation benefit as they do not allow different kinds of widgets to share a common model. Inspired by programming languages, operating systems and database systems that support a single data structure, we present here an interface that can serve as a model for not only the homogeneous model-based structured-widgets identified so far --- tables and trees --- but also several heterogeneous structured-widgets such as forms, tabbed panes, and multi-level browsers. We identify an architecture that allows this model to be added to an existing toolkit by automatically creating adapters between it and existing widget-specific models. We present several full examples to illustrate how such a model can increase both the automation and substitutability of the toolkit. We show that our approach retains model purity and, in comparison to current toolkits, does not increase the effort to create existing model-aware widgets.