Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Exposing digital forgeries in color filter array interpolated images
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Determining Image Origin and Integrity Using Sensor Noise
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Adaptive homogeneity-directed demosaicing algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper we investigate `real-time' watermarking of single-sensor digital camera images (often called `raw' images) and blind watermark detection in demosaicked images. We describe the software-only implementation of simple additive spread-spectrum embedding in the firmware of a digital camera. For blind watermark detection, we develop a scheme which adaptively combines the polyphase components of the demosaicked image, taking advantage of the interpolated image structure. Experimental results show the benefits of the novel detection approach for several demosaicking techniques.