Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Adaptive Data Fusion for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Sensor sleeping is a widely-used and cost-effective technique to save energy in wireless sensor networks. Protocols at different stack levels can, either individually or simultaneously, make the sensor sleep so as to extend the application lifetime. To determine the best choice for sensor sleeping under different network conditions and application requirements, we investigate single layer and multi-layer sleeping schemes at the routing and MAC layers. Our results show that routing layer sleeping performs better when there is high network redundancy or high contention, while MAC layer sleeping performs better when there is low contention or in small networks. Moreover, multi-layer sleeping requires cross-layer coordination to outperform single layer sleeping under low contention. Therefore, our conclusions can not only guide the implementation of practical sensor networks, but they also provide hints to the design of cross-layer power management to dynamically choose the best sleeping scheme under different network and application scenarios.