Universal algebra and hardness results for constraint satisfaction problems

  • Authors:
  • Benoît Larose;Pascal Tesson

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Canada;Département dInformatique et de Génie Logiciel, Université Laval, Canada

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

We present algebraic conditions on constraint languages @C that ensure the hardness of the constraint satisfaction problem CSP(@C) for complexity classes L, NL, P, NP and Mod"pL. These criteria also give non-expressibility results for various restrictions of Datalog. Furthermore, we show that if CSP(@C) is not first-order definable then it is L-hard. Our proofs rely on tame congruence theory and on a fine-grain analysis of the complexity of reductions used in the algebraic study of CSP. The results pave the way for a refinement of the dichotomy conjecture stating that each CSP(@C) lies in P or is NP-complete and they match the recent classification of [E. Allender, M. Bauland, N. Immerman, H. Schnoor, H. Vollmer, The complexity of satisfiability problems: Refining Schaefer's theorem, in: Proc. 30 th Math. Found. of Comp. Sci., MFCS'05, 2005, pp. 71-82] for Boolean CSP. We also infer a partial classification theorem for the complexity of CSP(@C) when the associated algebra of @C is the full idempotent reduct of a preprimal algebra.