IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Geometric Invariance in image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Digital watermarking robust to geometric distortions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Still-image watermarking robust to local geometric distortions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
A new quadruple watermarking scheme of digital images against geometrical attacks is proposed in this letter. We treat the center and the four vertexes of the original image as the reference points and embed the same quadruple watermarks by means of polar coordinates, which is geometrically invariant. The center of an image is assumed to not to be removed after rotating, scaling and local distortions according to the general practical image processing. In the watermark extraction process, the vertexes of the image are found by a searching method. Thus watermark synchronization is obtained. Experimental results show that the scheme is robust to the geometrical distortions including rotation, scaling, cropping and local distortions.