On conflict and cooperation in a two-echelon inventory model for deteriorating items
Computers and Industrial Engineering
Capacity Allocation and Scheduling in Supply Chains
Operations Research
Coordination in a two-stage production system: Complexity, conflict and cooperation
Computers and Operations Research
The Power of Preemption on Unrelated Machines and Applications to Scheduling Orders
Mathematics of Operations Research
Semi-online two-level supply chain scheduling problems
Journal of Scheduling
Batching and delivery in semi-online distribution systems
Discrete Applied Mathematics
The complexity of two supply chain scheduling problems
Information Processing Letters
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We study conflict and cooperation issues in supply chain manufacturing. Consider an assembly system where suppliers provide parts to a manufacturer. A product cannot be delivered until all its parts have been supplied. The manufacturer performs nonbottleneck operations, for example, outsourced assembly, packaging, and delivery for each product. Two classical scheduling objectives are considered: minimization of the total completion time and of the maximum lateness. We analyze how far from optimal the best schedule for a suppliers' scheduling problem can be for the corresponding manufacturer's problem, and vice versa. To resolve these conflicts, we consider four alternative scenarios for the relative bargaining power of the suppliers and the manufacturer, and in each case describe a practical mechanism for cooperation between the decision makers. Evaluating the cost of conflict and the benefit of cooperation in these scenarios requires the solution of various scheduling problems by the suppliers, the manufacturer, and the overall system. For all these scheduling problems, we provide either an efficient algorithm or a proof of intractability. Moreover, for two problems that we show are intractable, we describe heuristics and analyze their worst case performance or demonstrate asymptotic optimality of their solutions. We demonstrate computationally that the cost saving realized by cooperation between the decision makers is significant in many cases. Extensions of our models to consider bottleneck operations at the manufacturer and transportation times are also developed.