Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
Network security: private communication in a public world, second edition
Network security: private communication in a public world, second edition
A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
PrETP: privacy-preserving electronic toll pricing
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
Plug-in privacy for smart metering billing
PETS'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Privacy-preserving smart metering
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Formal methods as a link between software code and legal rules
SEFM'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Software engineering and formal methods
EuroPKI'11 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Public Key Infrastructures, Services, and Applications
Privacy by design: a formal framework for the analysis of architectural choices
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Data and application security and privacy
Cell-based privacy-friendly roadpricing
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Privacy-preserving smart metering with regional statistics and personal enquiry services
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security
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This paper introduces a novel approach or architecture for fraud- resistant and privacy-friendly Electronic Traffic Pricing (ETP). One salient contribution is that it can satisfy the seemingly incompatible requirements of a privacy-friendly and so-called "thin" solution. The proposed approach relies on regularly sending to the traffic Pricing Authority (PA) only hashes of travelled trajectories and hashes of the corresponding fees due. This makes it possible to achieve that users keep almost all data on the trajectories they travel and on the amounts they should pay completely hidden from the PA, without having to rely for their privacy protection on a so-called Trusted Third Party (TTP). Only a very small percentage of all these privacy-sensitive data requires that the pre-image trajectories and pre-image fees are revealed to the PA for spot-checking purposes (to detect cheating). The calculations of the amounts due for trajectories travelled can be done--at desire--inside or outside the vehicle. Thus, seamless integration of "thin" and "thick" in one ETP system with one and the same spot-checking approach is made possible and easy. The calculations can be performed in a privacy-friendly way, since they do not require any vehicle or On-Board Equipment (OBE) identification. The proposal can, for example, be used as a declaration-based approach much in line with current tax declaration traditions in which the individual citizen is personally responsible. However, the proposal allows for much individual variation (including delegation) and many additional (commercial) services. For example, it is also possible to reduce user responsibility and/or user involvement to an absolute minimum.