GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Location errors in wireless embedded sensor networks: sources, models, and effects on applications
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization: Overview and conceptual comparison
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Countersniper system for urban warfare
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) monitor the physical world using small wireless devices known as sensor nodes. Location information plays a critical role in many of the applications where WSN are used. A widely used self-locating mechanism consists in equipping a small subset of the nodes with GPS hardware, while the rest of the nodes employ reference estimations (received signal strength, time of arrival, etc.) in order to determine their locations. Finding the location of nodes using node-to-node distances combined with a set of known node locations is referred to as Location Discovery (LD). The main difficulty found in LD is the presence of measurement errors, which results in location errors. We describe in this work an error model for the estimations, propose a two-stage Simulated Annealing to solve the LD problem using this model, and discuss the results obtained. We will put a special stress on the improvements obtained by using our proposed technique.