Automatic composition of music by means of grammatical evolution
APL '02 Proceedings of the 2002 conference on APL: array processing languages: lore, problems, and applications
Grammatical Evolution: Evolutionary Automatic Programming in an Arbitrary Language
Grammatical Evolution: Evolutionary Automatic Programming in an Arbitrary Language
Open problems in evolutionary music and art
EC'05 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
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EvoApplications'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Applications of evolutionary computation - Volume Part II
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EvoMUSART'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design
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Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
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A system for automatic composition using grammatical evolution is presented. Music is created under the constraints of a generative grammar, and under the bias of an automatic fitness function and evolutionary selection. This combination of two methods is seen to be powerful and flexible. Human evaluation of automatically-evolved pieces shows that a more sophisticated grammar in combination with a naive fitness function gives better results than the reverse.