Comprehension strategies in programming
Empirical studies of programmers: second workshop
Applying meta-analytical procedures to software engineering experiments
Journal of Systems and Software
Pair Programming Illuminated
IEEE Software
Extreme Programming Refactored: The Case Against XP
Extreme Programming Refactored: The Case Against XP
Evidence-Based Software Engineering for Practitioners
IEEE Software
Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change (2nd Edition)
Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change (2nd Edition)
A Survey of Controlled Experiments in Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Social Dynamics of Pair Programming
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
A Systematic Review of Theory Use in Software Engineering Experiments
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Evaluating Pair Programming with Respect to System Complexity and Programmer Expertise
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Systematic review: A systematic review of effect size in software engineering experiments
Information and Software Technology
AGILE '07 Proceedings of the AGILE 2007
Applying Systematic Reviews to Diverse Study Types: An Experience Report
ESEM '07 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
The Role of Deliberate Artificial Design Elements in Software Engineering Experiments
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Personality and the nature of collaboration in pair programming
ESEM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Systematic literature reviews in software engineering - A tertiary study
Information and Software Technology
Saros: an eclipse plug-in for distributed party programming
Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering
Replications types in experimental disciplines
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
The effects of neuroticism on pair programming: an empirical study in the higher education context
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Six years of systematic literature reviews in software engineering: An updated tertiary study
Information and Software Technology
The ability of object-oriented metrics to predict change-proneness: a meta-analysis
Empirical Software Engineering
Replication of software engineering experiments
Empirical Software Engineering and Verification
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Disengagement in pair programming: does it matter?
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
What works for whom, where, when, and why?: on the role of context in empirical software engineering
Proceedings of the ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement
Successful extreme programming: Fidelity to the methodology or good teamworking?
Information and Software Technology
A survey of experienced user perceptions about software design patterns
Information and Software Technology
An ecological perspective towards the evolution of quantitative studies in software engineering
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering
Liberating pair programming research from the oppressive Driver/Observer regime
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
Considering rigor and relevance when evaluating test driven development: A systematic review
Information and Software Technology
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Several experiments on the effects of pair versus solo programming have been reported in the literature. We present a meta-analysis of these studies. The analysis shows a small significant positive overall effect of pair programming on quality, a medium significant positive overall effect on duration, and a medium significant negative overall effect on effort. However, between-study variance is significant, and there are signs of publication bias among published studies on pair programming. A more detailed examination of the evidence suggests that pair programming is faster than solo programming when programming task complexity is low and yields code solutions of higher quality when task complexity is high. The higher quality for complex tasks comes at a price of considerably greater effort, while the reduced completion time for the simpler tasks comes at a price of noticeably lower quality. We conclude that greater attention should be given to moderating factors on the effects of pair programming.