IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Delayed Internet routing convergence
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition
Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition
BGP routing stability of popular destinations
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
An Experimental Analysis of BGP Convergence Time
ICNP '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols
BRITE: An Approach to Universal Topology Generation
MASCOTS '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium in Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Does AS size determine degree in as topology?
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special issue on wireless extensions to the internet
Collecting the internet AS-level topology
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
BGP routing changes: merging views from two ISPs
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
An analysis of convergence delay in path vector routing protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Improving BGP Convergence Delay for Large-Scale Failures
DSN '06 Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Modified flap damping mechanism to improve inter-domain routing convergence
Computer Communications
Bringing order to BGP: decreasing time and message complexity
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Differentiated BGP Update Processing for Improved Routing Convergence
ICNP '06 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
On the geographic location of Internet resources
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Routing of multipoint connections
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the default routing protocol between various autonomous systems (AS) in the Internet. In the event of a failure, BGP may repeatedly withdraw routes to some destinations and advertise new ones until a stable state is reached. It has been found that the corresponding convergence delay could stretch into hundreds of seconds or more for isolated outages and can lead to high packet drop rates. Previous studies on BGP failures have looked at isolated failures scenarios. In this paper we characterize BGP convergence delay for multiple failure scenarios. We show that the convergence delay depends on a variety of topological and BGP parameters, and can be substantial for large failures. We also observe that the Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) and the processing overhead at the routers during the re-convergence have a significant effect on the BGP convergence delay. We propose two new schemes to bring down the processing overload at BGP routers, resulting in reduced convergence delays. We show that these schemes, combined with the tuning of the MRAI value, accelerate the BGP convergence process significantly, and can thus limit the impact of multiple simultaneous failures.