End-to-end routing behavior in the Internet
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Stable Internet routing without global coordination
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The stable paths problem and interdomain routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the correctness of IBGP configuration
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Analysis of the MED Oscillation Problem in BGP
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Dynamics of hot-potato routing in IP networks
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Routing design in operational networks: a look from the inside
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Flooding attacks by exploiting persistent forwarding loops
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
On guidelines for safe route redistributions
Proceedings of the 2007 SIGCOMM workshop on Internet network management
Shedding light on the glue logic of the internet routing architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
A Model of Internet Routing Using Semi-modules
RelMiCS '09/AKA '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Relational Methods in Computer Science and 6th International Conference on Applications of Kleene Algebra: Relations and Kleene Algebra in Computer Science
Theory and new primitives for safely connecting routing protocol instances
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies
Modeling complexity of enterprise routing design
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
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Today, a large body of research exists regarding the correctness of routing protocols. However, many reported global disruptions of Internet connectivity, e.g., inter-AS persistent loops, cannot be explained by looking at a single routing protocol at a time. In fact, these anomalies have long been suspected in the operator community to be caused by the interactions between routing protocols. The interactions between protocol instances are governed by two procedures at the border routers: route selection (RS) ranks routes from different protocol instances; and route redistribution (RR) exchanges routes between protocol instances. Prior studies hypothesized that RR may be responsible for a portion of the observed anomalies. In this paper, we provide analytical and experimental results to link RS, RR, and their interplay to anomalies discovered in operational networks. We show that RS by itself can cause route oscillations and loops, and that in all Cisco, Quagga, and XORP implementations, non-deterministic behaviors may occur because of their incorrect modeling of the dependencies between RS and RR. We identify the root cause for each of the instabilities and derive a configuration guideline as well as a functional model to eliminate them.