On power-law relationships of the Internet topology
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Difficulties in simulating the internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the origin of power laws in Internet topologies
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Towards an accurate AS-level traceroute tool
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Measuring ISP topologies with rocketfuel
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Towards capturing representative AS-level Internet topologies
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Comparing the Structure of Power-Law Graphs and the Internet AS Graph
ICNP '04 Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Collecting the internet AS-level topology
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the bias of traceroute sampling: or, power-law degree distributions in regular graphs
Proceedings of the thirty-seventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Efficient algorithms for large-scale topology discovery
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
DIMES: let the internet measure itself
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
The internet AS-level topology: three data sources and one definitive metric
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Observing the evolution of internet as topology
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Investigating prefix propagation through active BGP probing
Microprocessors & Microsystems
A systematic framework for unearthing the missing links: measurements and impact
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Revisiting internet AS-level topology discovery
PAM'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement
BGP routing policies in ISP networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Studying the effect of internet eXchange points on internet link delays
SpringSim '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference
The impact of IXPs on the AS-level topology structure of the Internet
Computer Communications
Measured impact of crooked traceroute
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Phase changes in the evolution of the IPv4 and IPv6 AS-Level Internet topologies
Computer Communications
Safe interdomain routing under diverse commercial agreements
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
BGP and inter-AS economic relationships
NETWORKING'11 Proceedings of the 10th international IFIP TC 6 conference on Networking - Volume Part II
Topological trends of internet content providers
Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Simplifying Complex Networks for Practitioners
A history of an internet exchange point
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Anatomy of a large european IXP
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Anatomy of a large european IXP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special october issue SIGCOMM '12
IXP traffic: a macroscopic view
Proceedings of the 7th Latin American Networking Conference
On the incompleteness of the AS-level graph: a novel methodology for BGP route collector placement
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
k-Dense communities in the Internet AS-level topology graph
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Detecting third-party addresses in traceroute traces with IP timestamp option
PAM'13 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Passive and Active Measurement
Dasu: pushing experiments to the internet's edge
nsdi'13 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
AS-level topology collection through looking glass servers
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
Inferring multilateral peering
Proceedings of the ninth ACM conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
There is more to IXPs than meets the eye
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
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The topology of the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level is not yet fully discovered despite significant research activity. The community still does not know how many links are missing, where these links are and finally, whether the missing links will change our conceptual model of the Internet topology. An accurate and complete model of the topology would be important for protocol design, performance evaluation and analyses. The goal of our work is to develop methodologies and tools to identify and validate such missing links between ASes. In this work, we develop several methods and identify a significant number of missing links, particularly of the peer-to-peer type. Interestingly, most of the missing AS links that we find exist as peer-to-peer links at the Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). First, in more detail, we provide a large-scale comprehensive synthesis of the available sources of information. We cross-validate and compare BGP routing tables, Internet Routing Registries, and traceroute data, while we extract significant new information from the less-studied Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). We identify 40% more edges and approximately 300% more peer-to-peer edges compared to commonly used data sets. All of these edges have been verified by either BGP tables or traceroute. Second, we identify properties of the new edges and quantify their effects on important topological properties. Given the new peer-to-peer edges, we find that for some ASes more than 50% of their paths stop going through their ISPs assuming policy-aware routing. A surprising observation is that the degree of an AS may be a poor indicator of which ASes it will peer with.