SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Delayed Internet routing convergence
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On inferring autonomous system relationships in the internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Realistic BGP traffic for test labs
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Observation and analysis of BGP behavior under stress
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
BGP routing stability of popular destinations
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Topology inference from BGP routing dynamics
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Experimental Study of Internet Stability and Backbone Failures
FTCS '99 Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
An Experimental Analysis of BGP Convergence Time
ICNP '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
The Temporal and Topological Characteristics of BGP Path Changes
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Locating internet routing instabilities
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Collecting the internet AS-level topology
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
IPv4 address allocation and the BGP routing table evolution
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Identifying BGP routing table transfers
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Mining network data
An analysis of convergence delay in path vector routing protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Can you hear me now?!: it must be BGP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Finding a needle in a haystack: pinpointing significant BGP routing changes in an IP network
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
In search for an appropriate granularity to model routing policies
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Route flap damping with assured reachability
Proceedings of the Sixth Asian Internet Engineering Conference
Identifying BGP routing table transfers
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Inferring the origin of routing changes based on preferred path changes
PAM'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Passive and active measurement
Toward a practical approach for BGP stability with root cause check
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
PoiRoot: investigating the root cause of interdomain path changes
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM
A survey and taxonomy of ID/Locator Split Architectures
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Previous measurement studies have shown the existence of path exploration and slow convergence in the global Internet routing system, and a number of protocol enhancements have been proposed to remedy the problem. However, existing measurements were conducted only over a small number of testing prefixes. There has been no systematic study to quantify the pervasiveness of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) slow convergence in the operational Internet, nor any known effort to deploy any of the proposed solutions. In this paper, we present our measurement results that identify BGP slow convergence events across the entire global routing table. Our data shows that the severity of path exploration and slow convergence varies depending on where prefixes are originated and where the observations are made in the Internet routing hierarchy. In general, routers in tier-1 Internet service providers (ISPs) observe less path exploration, hence they experience shorter convergence delays than routers in edge ASs; prefixes originated from tier-1 ISPs also experience less path exploration than those originated from edge ASs. Furthermore, our data show that the convergence time of route fail-over events is similar to that of new route announcements and is significantly shorter than that of route failures. This observation is contrary to the widely held view from previous experiments but confirms our earlier analytical results. Our effort also led to the development of a path-preference inference method based on the path usage time, which can be used by future studies of BGP dynamics.