Opportunistic routing in multi-hop wireless networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Spatial and traffic-aware routing (STAR) for vehicular systems
HPCC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on High Performance Computing and Communications
Evaluation of routing protocols for VANETS in urban environments
Sarnoff'10 Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE conference on Sarnoff
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Geographical source routing is a promising routing technique for VANETs, due to its adaptability for network dynamics and ability to handle topology holes. In traditional geographical source routing algorithms a best-known neighbor, typically the neighbor nearest to the next junction in a greedy fashion, is designated as the next hop. This approach may cause two drawbacks: (1) the designated neighbor might not receive the packet correctly and (2) non-neighbor nodes are never given opportunities to do forwarding. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless media, non-neighbor nodes can overhear the transmission and may offer better forwarding progress than the designated neighbor. In this paper, we resolve the above two problems by introducing the concept of opportunistic routing to geographical source routing. A new routing protocol, named Geographical Opportunistic Source Routing (GOSR), is developed. GOSR allows non-neighbor nodes as well as the best-known neighbor to become a forwarder. The notification cost of opportunistic routing is minimized by enforcing a scope from which candidate forwarders are selected. Defer timers are adopted to avoid conflicts caused by simultaneous transmissions by nodes in the designated scope. Simulation results show that GOSR can substantially reduce hop count and also improve end-to-end delivery ratio remarkably.