VOR base stations for indoor 802.11 positioning
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Pocket PC beacons: Wi-Fi based human tracking and following
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Sensor Measurements for Wi-Fi Location with Emphasis on Time-of-Arrival Ranging
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Lifetag: WiFi-based continuous location logging for life pattern analysis
LoCA'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Location-and context-awareness
Place lab: device positioning using radio beacons in the wild
PERVASIVE'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pervasive Computing
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WiFi-based positioning has been widely used because it does not require any additional sensors for existing WiFi mobile devices. However, positioning accuracy based on radio signal strength is often influenced by noises, reflections, and obstacles. The Time-of-Arrival (TOA) or Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) methods may be used, but both require additional sensing mechanisms and cannot be applied to existing WiFi mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a new WiFi-based positioning method called directional beaconing. This method uses the Angle-of-Emission (AOE) method instead of the AOA. Using this method, access points (APs) emit beacon signals through rotating directional antennas with angle information encoded in beacons. WiFi devices estimate the direction and distance to the AP by receiving and decoding these beacons. This method integrates the advantages of the AOA and signal strength methods without requiring additional sensors. We constructed revolving directional APs and verified positioning accuracy is improved using the proposed method.