Annotations for streaming video on the Web: system design and usage studies
WWW '99 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web
SMAT: Synchronous Multimedia and Annotation Tool
HICSS '01 Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences ( HICSS-34)-Volume 9 - Volume 9
Semantic image annotation via hierarchical classification
MAMECTIS'08 Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical methods, computational techniques and intelligent systems
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Recent advances in digital video technology have resulted in an explosion of digital video data which are available through the Web or in private repositories. Efficient searching in these repositories created the need of semantic labeling of video data at various levels of granularity, i.e., movie, scene, shot, keyframe, video object, etc. Through multilevel labeling video content is appropriately indexed, allowing access from various modalities and for a variety of applications. However, despite the huge efforts for automatic video annotation human intervention is the only way for reliable semantic video annotation. Manual video annotation is an extremely laborious process and efficient tools developed for this purpose can make, in many cases, the true difference. In this paper we present a video annotation tool, which uses structured knowledge, in the form of XML dictionaries, for semantic labeling, and an efficient shot detection algorithm for automatic video segmentation. Furthermore, it allows hierarchical semantic annotation from the highest to the lowest level of granularity through a properly designed graphical user interface. Finally, XML dictionary creation and editing tools are available during annotation allowing the user to always use the semantic label she/he wishes.