Telerobotics, automation, and human supervisory control
Telerobotics, automation, and human supervisory control
Communications of the ACM
Socially Intelligent Agents: Creating Relationships with Computers and Robots
Socially Intelligent Agents: Creating Relationships with Computers and Robots
Computers in control: Rational transfer ofauthority or irresponsible abdication of autonomy?
Ethics and Information Technology
Is it an Agent, or Just a Program?: A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents
ECAI '96 Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Agents III, Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages
Information, Ethics, and Computers: The Problem of Autonomous Moral Agents
Minds and Machines
On the Morality of Artificial Agents
Minds and Machines
A Manifesto for Agent Technology: Towards Next Generation Computing
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Towards a paradigm change in computer science and software engineering: a synthesis
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Lessons learned from autonomous sciencecraft experiment
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Normative Communication Models for Agent
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Computer systems: Moral entities but not moral agents
Ethics and Information Technology
Modeling adaptive autonomous agents
Artificial Life
Signs of a revolution in computer science and software engineering
ESAW'02 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Engineering societies in the agents world III
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The concept of autonomous artificial agents has become a pervasive feature in computing literature. The suggestion that these artificial agents will move increasingly closer to humans in terms of their autonomy has reignited debates about the extent to which computers can or should be considered autonomous moral agents. This article takes a closer look at the concept of autonomy and proposes to conceive of autonomy as a context-dependent notion that is instrumental in understanding, describing and organizing the world. Based on the analysis of two distinct conceptions of autonomy, the argument is made that the limits to the autonomy of artificial agents are multiple and flexible dependent on the conceptual frameworks and social contexts in which the concept acquires meaning. A levelling of humans and technologies in terms of their autonomy is therefore not an inevitable consequence of the development of increasingly intelligent autonomous technologies, but a result of normative choices.