Background default knowledge and causality ascriptions

  • Authors:
  • Jean-François Bonnefon;Rui Da Silva Neves;Didier Dubois;Henri Prade

  • Affiliations:
  • LTC-CNRS and DSVP, respectively, 5 allées A. Machado 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. E-mail: {bonnefon,neves}@univ-tlse2.fr;LTC-CNRS and DSVP, respectively, 5 allées A. Machado 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. E-mail: {bonnefon,neves}@univ-tlse2.fr;IRIT-CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France. E-mail: {dubois,prade}@irit.fr;IRIT-CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France. E-mail: {dubois,prade}@irit.fr

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

A model is defined that predicts an agent's ascriptions of causality (and related notions of facilitation and justification) between two events in a chain, based on background knowledge about the normal course of the world. Background knowledge is represented by nonmonotonic consequence relations. This enables the model to handle situations of poor information, where background knowledge is not accurate enough to be represented in, e.g., structural equations. Tentative properties of causality ascriptions are explored, i.e., preference for abnormal factors, transitivity, coherence with logical entailment, and stability with respect to disjunction and conjunction. Empirical data are reported to support the psychological plausibility of our basic definitions.