Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The BANCA database and evaluation protocol
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Identities, forgeries and disguises
International Journal of Information Technology and Management
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The robustness of talking-face identity verification (IV) systems is best evaluated by monitoring their behavior under impostor attacks. We propose a scenario where the impostor uses a still face picture and a sample of speech of the genuine client to transform his/her speech and visual appearance into that of the target client. We propose MixTrans , an original text-independent technique for voice transformation in the cepstral domain, which allows a transformed audio signal to be estimated and reconstructed in the temporal domain. We also propose a face transformation technique that allows a frontal face image of a client to be animated, using principal warps to deform defined MPEG-4 facial feature points based on determined facial animation parameters. The robustness of the talking-face IV system is evaluated under these attacks. Results on the BANCA talking-face database clearly show that such attacks represent a serious challenge and a security threat to IV systems.