Digital watermarking based on neural networks for color images
Signal Processing - Special section on digital signal processing for multimedia communications and services
Kernelized fuzzy attribute C-means clustering algorithm
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Fuzzy-ART based adaptive digital watermarking scheme
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
An optimal image watermarking approach based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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In this paper, an adaptive image watermarking approach is introduced, which consists of kernel fuzzy c-means (KFCM) clustering algorithm and human visual system (HVS). Firstly, the host image is divided into image blocks and block-wise DCT transform is accomplished. Then, three local features of image blocks are extracted from its DCT coefficients, and these features are used to train KFCM in order to select the embedding position and determine the embedding strength of image blocks adaptively. The experimental results show the proposed algorithm is robust to common attacks such as JPEG, filtering, noise addition, scaling, sharpen, etc.