How to prove yourself: practical solutions to identification and signature problems
Proceedings on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO '86
Lecture Notes in Computer Science on Advances in Cryptology-EUROCRYPT'88
Zero-knowledge proofs of identity
Journal of Cryptology
The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems
SIAM Journal on Computing
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Efficient Identification and Signatures for Smart Cards
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Non-Interactive and Information-Theoretic Secure Verifiable Secret Sharing
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Provably Secure and Practical Identification Schemes and Corresponding Signature Schemes
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Breaking RSA Generically Is Equivalent to Factoring
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Efficiency limitations for Σ-protocols for group homomorphisms
TCC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Theory of Cryptography
Efficient threshold zero-knowledge with applications to user-centric protocols
ICITS'12 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Theoretic Security
Non-delegatable strong designated verifier signature using a trusted third party without pairings
AISC '13 Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Information Security Conference - Volume 138
ZQL: a compiler for privacy-preserving data processing
SEC'13 Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX conference on Security
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We present a simple zero-knowledge proof of knowledge protocol of which many protocols in the literature are instantiations. These include Schnorr's protocol for proving knowledge of a discrete logarithm, the Fiat-Shamir and Guillou-Quisquater protocols for proving knowledge of a modular root, protocols for proving knowledge of representations (like Okamoto's protocol), protocols for proving equality of secret values, a protocol for proving the correctness of a Diffie-Hellman key, protocols for proving the multiplicative relation of three commitments (as required in secure multi-party computation), and protocols used in credential systems. This shows that a single simple treatment (and proof), at a high level of abstraction, can replace the individual previous treatments. Moreover, one can devise new instantiations of the protocol.