Solving SAT for CNF Formulas with a One-Sided Restriction on Variable Occurrences

  • Authors:
  • Daniel Johannsen;Igor Razgon;Magnus Wahlström

  • Affiliations:
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Germany;Cork Constraint Computation Centre, University College Cork, Ireland;Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Germany

  • Venue:
  • SAT '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

In this paper we consider the class of boolean formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) where for each variable all but at most d occurrences are either positive or negative. This class is a generalization of the class of CNF formulas with at most d occurrences (positive and negative) of each variable which was studied in [Wahlström, 2005]. Applying complement search [Purdom, 1984], we show that for every d there exists a constant $\gamma_d such that satisfiability of a CNF formula on n variables can be checked in runtime ${\ensuremath{{O}}}(\gamma_d^n)$ if all but at most d occurrences of each variable are either positive or negative. We thoroughly analyze the proposed branching strategy and determine the asymptotic growth constant *** d more precisely. Finally, we show that the trivial ${\ensuremath{{O}}}(2^n)$ barrier of satisfiability checking can be broken even for a more general class of formulas, namely formulas where the positive or negative literals of every variable have what we will call a d---covering . To the best of our knowledge, for the considered classes of formulas there are no previous non-trivial upper bounds on the complexity of satisfiability checking.