The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
An Introduction to RFID Technology
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Spatial Node Distribution of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model with Applications
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Tag-Splitting: Adaptive Collision Arbitration Protocols for RFID Tag Identification
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
RFID Indoor Positioning Based on Probabilistic RFID Map and Kalman Filtering
WIMOB '07 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications
CCNC'09 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference
Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Leveraging RFID in hospitals: Patient life cycle and mobility perspectives
IEEE Communications Magazine
Indoor localization method based on RTT and AOA using coordinates clustering
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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RFID is an automatic identification technique that stores and remotely retrieves data on small devices called tags. This technology enables tracking of people and objects, supporting the conception of pervasive networks if identities are linked in real-time to their locations. We propose L-VIRT, a 3-D localization method for RFID tags based only on connectivity information. Virtual landmarks are combined with defined topological constraints to localize tags. A relaxation of the constraints is introduced to attenuate the effect of reading errors and, thus, to increase the precision of the localization. Simulation results show a fine-grained accuracy in free space or moderately obstructive environments, and a satisfactory accuracy in very cluttered environments. Moreover, the use of additional mobile readers enables rapid and large localization error reduction in sparse deployments of static readers.