Development of a particle number and particle mass vehicle emissions inventory for an urban fleet

  • Authors:

  • Diane U. Keogh;Luis Ferreira;Lidia Morawska

  • Affiliations:

  • International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, 2 George St, PO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;School of Urban Development, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, 2 George St, PO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, 2 George St, PO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia

  • Venue:
  • Environmental Modelling & Software
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

Motor vehicles are major emitters of gaseous and particulate matter pollution in urban areas, and exposure to particulate matter pollution can have serious health effects, ranging from respiratory and cardiovascular disease to mortality. Motor vehicle tailpipe particle emissions span a broad size range from 0.003 to 10@mm, and are measured as different subsets of particle mass concentrations or particle number count. However, no comprehensive inventories currently exist in the international published literature covering this wide size range. This paper presents the first published comprehensive inventory of motor vehicle tailpipe particle emissions covering the full size range of particles emitted. The inventory was developed for urban South-East Queensland by combining two techniques from distinctly different disciplines, from aerosol science and transport modelling. A comprehensive set of particle emission factors were combined with transport modelling, and tailpipe particle emissions were quantified for particle number (ultrafine particles), PM"1, PM"2"."5 and PM"1"0 for light and heavy duty vehicles and buses. A second aim of the paper involved using the data derived in this inventory for scenario analyses, to model the particle emission implications of different proportions of passengers travelling in light duty vehicles and buses in the study region, and to derive an estimate of fleet particle emissions in 2026. It was found that heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) in the study region were major emitters of particulate matter pollution, and although they contributed only around 6% of total regional vehicle kilometres travelled, they contributed more than 50% of the region's particle number (ultrafine particles) and PM"1 emissions. With the freight task in the region predicted to double over the next 20 years, this suggests that HDVs need to be a major focus of mitigation efforts. HDVs dominated particle number (ultrafine particles) and PM"1 emissions; and LDV PM"2"."5 and PM"1"0 emissions. Buses contributed approximately 1-2% of regional particle emissions.