Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems
Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems
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In this contribution, we use fading measurements at 2.45, 5.25, 29, and 60 GHz, and wind speed data, to study the dynamic effects of vegetation on propagating radiowaves. A new simulation model for generating signal fading due to a swaying tree has been developed by utilizing a multiple mass-spring system to represent a tree and a turbulent wind model. The model is validated in terms of the cumulative distribution function (CDF), autocorrelation function (ACF), level crossing rate (LCR), and average fade duration (AFD) using measurements. The agreements found between the measured and simulated first- and second-order statistics of the received signals through vegetation are satisfactory. In addition, Ricean K-factors for different wind speeds are estimated from measurements. Generally, the new model has similar dynamical and statistical characteristics as those observed in measurements and can thus be used for synthesizing signal fading due to a swaying tree. The synthesized fading can be used for simulating different capacity enhancing techniques such as adaptive coding and modulation and other fade mitigation techniques.