Fragile watermarking using finite field trigonometrical transforms

Authors:
R. J. Cintra;V. S. Dimitrov;H. M. de Oliveira;R. M. Campello de Souza
Affiliations:
Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4;Advanced Technology Information Processing Systems (ATIPS) Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4;Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil;Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
Venue:
Image Communication
Year:
2009

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Abstract

Fragile digital watermarking has been applied for authentication and alteration detection in images. Utilizing the cosine and Hartley transforms over finite fields, a new transform domain fragile watermarking scheme is introduced. A watermark is embedded into a host image via a blockwise application of two-dimensional finite field cosine or Hartley transforms. Additionally, the considered finite field transforms are adjusted to be number theoretic transforms, appropriate for error-free calculation. The employed technique can provide invisible fragile watermarking for authentication systems with tamper location capability. It is shown that the choice of the finite field characteristic is pivotal to obtain perceptually invisible watermarked images. It is also shown that the generated watermarked images can be used as publicly available signature data for authentication purposes.