Programming pedagogy—a psychological overview
ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
Avoiding object misconceptions
SIGCSE '97 Proceedings of the twenty-eighth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Programming in Java: student-constructed rules
Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
A diagnosis of beginning programmers' misconceptions of BASIC programming statements
Communications of the ACM
Constructivism in computer science education
Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching
Software Visualization
Exploring the role of visualization and engagement in computer science education
Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Visualizing programs with Jeliot 3
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Novice Java programmers' conceptions of "object" and "class", and variation theory
ITiCSE '05 Proceedings of the 10th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
What does it take to learn 'programming thinking'?
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research
A principled approach to teaching OO first
Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Using cognitive conflict and visualisation to improve mental models held by novice programmers
Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Students' understandings of storing objects
Koli Calling '07 Proceedings of the Seventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research - Volume 88
Proceedings of the 16th annual joint conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
CS majors' self-efficacy perceptions in CS1: results in light of social cognitive theory
Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Computing education research
Fuzzy OOP: expanded and reduced term interpretations
Proceedings of the 17th ACM annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Proceedings of the 12th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research
Notional machines and introductory programming education
ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE)
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From qualitative analysis of student interviews emerged three sets of categories, or outcome spaces, describing introductory students' understandings of variables. One outcome space describes different ways of understanding primitive variables. Another describes different understandings of object variables. The third outcome space describes the relationship between the primitive and object variables, again from the point of view of the student cohort. The results show that learners create various kinds of mental models of programming concepts, and that the concept of variable, which is fundamental to most types of programming, is understood in various non-viable ways. With the help of the outcome spaces, teaching materials and tools can be developed to explicitly address potential pitfalls and highlight educationally critical aspects of variables to students. A software tool, which would engage students to interact with and manipulate a visualization of a notional machine, suggests itself as an intriguing avenue for future work.